Celecoxib

A prescription anti-inflammatory pill used to treat pain and swelling from arthritis, menstrual cramps, and some forms of acute pain. It belongs to a class called COX-2 inhibitors, which target an enzyme that causes inflammation while lowering the chance of stomach irritation seen with older NSAIDs.

How it helps: Celecoxib eases pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Doctors also prescribe it for painful periods and short-term management of moderate pain after surgery. It reduces inflammation, which improves movement and daily function for many people.

Typical dosing depends on the condition. For osteoarthritis, common doses are 100 mg once or twice daily. For rheumatoid arthritis, doses are often 100–200 mg twice daily. For acute pain or menstrual cramps, a higher initial dose followed by 100 mg twice daily may be used. Always follow your prescriber’s instructions; do not change dose or stop suddenly without talking to them.

Side effects to watch for: The most common are stomach upset, diarrhea, indigestion, gas, and headache. Because celecoxib is an NSAID, it can raise the risk of serious heart attack or stroke, especially with long-term use or in people with heart disease. It can also cause stomach bleeding, though the risk is generally lower than with non-selective NSAIDs. Less common effects include allergic reactions, swelling from fluid retention, and liver or kidney problems.

Who should be cautious: If you have heart disease, high blood pressure, a history of stroke, or past stomach ulcers, talk with your doctor before using celecoxib. Also mention if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking blood thinners, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, lithium, or other NSAIDs. Older adults may need lower doses and closer monitoring.

Simple tips for safer use: Take the lowest effective dose for the shortest time needed. Take celecoxib with food if it upsets your stomach. Avoid combining it with other NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen unless your provider approves. Tell every care provider you see that you take celecoxib — that includes dentists and surgeons.

When to call your doctor: Seek help if you notice chest pain, sudden weakness, slurred speech, black tarry stools, vomiting blood, severe stomach pain, yellowing of skin or eyes, or signs of a severe allergic reaction like swelling of face, lips, or throat.

Storage and prescriptions: Store celecoxib at room temperature away from moisture. Keep all medications out of reach of children. Never share prescription medicine.

Closing note: Celecoxib can be effective for many kinds of pain, but it carries risks. Use it carefully, follow your prescriber’s guidance, and report new symptoms right away.

Missed dose and alcohol: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for the next dose—don't double up. Limit alcohol while taking celecoxib; drinking increases bleeding risk and can worsen stomach upset. If your doctor starts you on long-term therapy, expect periodic checks of blood pressure, kidney function, and liver tests. Keep a medication list and update it at every appointment. Ask questions if unsure, always.